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This
Rubber Book has been featured in the May/June 2007
edition of Well
Servicing Magazine!
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CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF RUBBER
Rubber what is it? The name rubber was given to a
mass of Caoutchouc in 1700 A.D. by Joseph Priestly,
an English clergyman, because it would rub out
pencil marks. In a strict sense rubber refers to a
vegetable hydrocarbon of the chemical
form..................................................................
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CHAPTER 2. HOW RUBBER IS PUT
TO INDUSTRIAL USE
Contrary to the popular impression that rubber
products are made by pouring melted latex into molds
and left to cool and harden, the manufacture of
these parts involves precise compounding followed by
vulcanizing caused from exact control of
temperature and pressure under molding. The
merchandise turned
out.........................................................
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CHAPTER 3. WHAT IS
VULCANIZATION?
What is vulcanization of rubber polymers? This is
the term used that describes the chemical reaction
that takes place, in the presence of heat and
pressure, at the time when the thermo flowing rubber
mixture has become thermosetting. The process, when
complete is irreversible and transforms the rubber
compound in many
ways...........................................................
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CHAPTER 4. MOLDING TECHNIQUES
(PICTURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES)
Throughout the years many basic methods for
transforming the rubber mixture into a usable shape
as a vulcanized rubber compound have been used. In
the instance of oil field products, great care
should be taken in choosing of proper molding
procedures. These will vary from the very simple
flash type molds to the newer more sophisticated
injection types.
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CHAPTER 5. HISTORY OF RUBBER
IN THE OIL FIELD
It is a basic fact that rubber products for the oil
field present many of the most difficult compounding
tasks confronting the rubber industry. At best each
formulation is an educated compromise based upon
past experience, information garnered from a world
of technical data concerning products designed for
other industries
and...................................................
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CHAPTER
6. QUALITY AND RELIABILITY CONTROL OF MOLDED
MECHANICAL GOODS FOR OIL FIELD USE
A. RUBBER ELASTOMERS
Of all the synthetic rubber elastomers produced none
have been specifically designed for use in oil field
applications. This is a very ironic phenomenon in
that practically all synthetically produced rubber
elastomers are manufactured from materials
produced....................................................
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B. SETTING SPECIFIC PROPERTIES
FOR PRODUCTS TO USE AS DESIGN GUIDES (QUESTIONNAIRE)
In the design of any product, one of the first steps
is to know what is expected of the product in
performance and under what conditions it will be
expected to perform. With rubber mechanical goods
for the oil
field....................................
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C. RETENTION OF PROPERTIES
DURING ENVIRONMENTAL USE
Which properties, both physical and chemical, should
be of the most concern to the rubber design engineer
and oil tool design engineer? What do both really
look for as an indication of compound reaction in
the environment where it will work? The design
properties at room temperature in the laboratory are
set high enough to take care of plant production
losses, but they
only........................................................................
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D. RELIABILITY PRODUCTION
When the point has been reached where design
specifications are available from the oil tool
engineer, a choice has been made of the proper
elastomer to use and all compound compromising has
been accomplished, then it is time
for...................................................
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CHAPTER 7. SPECIAL TESTS
A. MOLD SHRINKAGE OF VARIOUS ELASTOMERS
It is becoming increasingly difficult, with the
number of compounds that are available to the trade,
to be able to design a mold with any semblance of
accuracy due to the lack of presenting a clear idea
of what direction to take in regard to mold
shrinkage. Early laboratory work
performed............................
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B. GAS PERMEATION OF VARIOUS
ELASTOMERS
The following covers the work done to improve a
special compound to be used for producing tubing
protectors. Formulations previously utilized and
designed for other applications. Opportunities arose
for additional..................
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C. DESIGN OF PACKER ELEMENTS
Rubber products to be used in the oil field are
among the most difficult to design. No base rubber
has been specifically designed for use in the oil
field and wells continue getting deeper and hotter
with more hostile environments.
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1. Test results photographs on
Packer Elements
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2. Charts depicting test
results on Packer Elements
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APPENDIX & GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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Contact Us
MP Industries, Inc.
P.O. BOX 130579
Tyler, TX 75713-0579
Phone: 903-561-4232
Fax: 903-581-8823
E-Mail:
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